|
|
Un aspetto particolare riguarda le sostanze vitaminiche o minerali, o di altro genere, aventi capacità anti-tumorale selettiva sulle sole cellule tumorali, tramite induzione di apoptosi, cioè d’indurre il “suicidio” di queste cellule, senza provocare danno alle cellule sane.
Per apoptosi s'intende l'attivazione di endonucleasi specifiche che frammentano il DNA, agendo a livello di siti nucleosomiali costituenti l'unità strutturale primaria della cromatina nucleare della cellula. Le molecole d'induzione, in genere di derivazione fito-chimica (piante), inducono l’apoptosi nella cellula neoplastica, mediante l’attivazione di enzimi proteolitici intracellulari, che provocano degradazione per proteolisi di sequenze vitali del DNA, e provocando così la morte della cellula per apoptosi. In terapia anti-neoplastica tali molecole devono riattivare il comando di suicidio nelle cellule tumorali, senza determinare danni alle cellule sane. L'esperienza clinica iniziale ha già individuato nell'Emodina, contenuta nell'Aloe, un buon esempio di molecola particolarmente selettiva per certi tipi di tumori umani, di cui riportiamo, per esteso, due articoli in PDF (247,333). Un’altra forma di “suicidio” provocato in cellule tumorali, simile all’apoptosi, è stata dimostrata da un lavoro giapponese nel caso dei neuroblastomi, che tendono a regredire quando all’interno delle cellule si accumula una certa quantità di proteina H-Ras(1042-43). E’ipotizzabile che tale fatto possa verificarsi anche nel caso di glioblastomi umani (astrocitomi maligni di grado terzo o quarto), essendo stata documentata, nell’uomo, regressione di questi tumori dopo somministrazione di estratti fito-terapici caratterizzati da induzione di produzione endogena della medesima proteina (H-Ras) in glioblastomi umani. In particolare, per i tumori al cervello, rivestono particolare importanza i fito-estratti di Morinda citrifolia (1043); ma sono anche sotto studio l’Hypericum perforatum, la Pueraria species (1046), la Melissa officinalis, la Momordica carantia, la Betula alba (1037), la Yucca schidigera (1118) e la Gardenia species (1061). Nota: la Morinda citrifolia è causa sia di apoptosi che di inibizione dell’angiogenesi (1172).
Molte delle seguenti indicazioni bibliografiche sono disponibili in PDF (vedi in fondo, dopo la bibliografia).
Le piante note sono numerosissime, qui vengono riportati soltanto alcuni articoli, in particolare si sono cercati lavori già disponibili in PDF. Le piante e/o le vitamine trovate sono le seguenti:
Crucifere (809); Glucosinolati (1137), Isprenoidi per leucemia e melanoma (1141); Quercitrina per la leucemia (1146), Bioflavonoidi per la leucemia (1130); Flavonoidi in genere (1122); Flavonoidi e isoflavonoidi (1129) Ferutinina (Ferula communis [1136]); Ellipticina della Ochrosia elliptica per il cancro mammario (1135); Acido betulinico per melanoma, leucemia, neuroblastoma, gliomi (1036-1041, 1027,1128,1166); Mimosa species (1142); Bacche di Pittosporum tobira e di Chamerops excelsa (84); Emodina-Aloe (333, 487, 715); Flavonoidi (1122); Catechine (1123); Acido carnosico (712) Acido ursolico, dall’Asparagus species (700); Citrus limonum (693); Allium sativum (694, 696); Rosmarinus officinalis (1062); Sutherlandia frutescens (1147); Uncaria tomentosa e Uncaria guianensis (714); Acacetina (1165); estratto metanolico di fiori di Hypericum perforatum ; Vaccinium vitis idaea; Bacopa monnieri (640); Vari flavonoidi (Wagonina, Fisetina) per l’epatocarcinoma umano (713); Diosgenina efficace sull’osteosarcoma (1134), contenuta ad esempio nel Tribulus terrestris; Capsicum frutescens aut annuum sulla leucemia (719); Thalictrum acutifolium per il cancro polmone (711); Lepidozamia peroffskyana (1044), Sophora flavescens per la leucemia (716); Hibiscus sabdaiffa, sperimentata in vitro sulla sola leucemia umana (692); Polygonum cuspidatum, quest’ultimo caratterizzato oltre che da attività apoptotica su cellule di leucemia linfatica cronica, anche da proprietà di anti-angiogenesi (695); Senecio latifolius, provato su cellule tumorali del fegato (697), ancora allo studio per possibile tossicità. Pereskia bleo per carcinoma mammario (1144); Nerium oleander (1145), ancora allo studio per possibile tossicità; Panax ginseng (1170,1171); Gordonia axillaris, provata in tumori umani (698); La Baicalina e la Baicaleina (718) Rizoma di Atractylodes ovata è stata provata su leucemia (704); Il Solanum lyratum per cancro del fegato (705); Boswellia carterii, verificata sulla leucemia (706); Phyllanthus urinaria sul cancro polmone (720); Salvia miltiorrhiza (708), Camellia sinensis (173,309,1123,1124,1159,1160,1164). L’acido boswellico induce apoptosi nel melanoma metastatico e del fibrosarcoma (1131); Flavonoidi della Tartary buckwheat attivano la Caspasi 3 e inducono apoptosi in cancri (1064); Zingiber officinale (6-paradolo) attiva anch’esso la Caspasi 3 (1143); Cupressus lusitanica induce apoptosi (1132); Interessante la Goniotalamina del Goniothalamus species (1138,1139); Spinacia oleracea (spinaci) hanno una certa azione sui papillomi (1154). Alpinia oxyphylla (Zingiberaceae) nella leucemia promielocitica umana (1156). Altro processo di apoptosi è indotto dalla woodfordin I nella leucemia umana (1157) Clorofillina e clorofilla modulano anch’esse l’apoptosi (1158). Phyllanthus orbicularis è efficace nel cancro dell’ovaio (1163). I triterpeni pentaciclici delle Crisobalanaceae sono pure interessanti (1167). La Genisteina inibisce il cancro umano della mammella (1168). Parecchi ingredienti di erbe medicinali cinesi sono attualmente sotto studio per l’epatocarcinoma umano (1169). Molte piante alimentari, presenti nelle diete di tanti popoli, presentano interessanti caratteristiche mediche (1149-1153).
Altri dati: Curcumina induce apoptosi sul cancro polmonare (1133); è contenuta nella Curcuma longa e Curcuma zedoaria; la Curcuma zedoaria, attualmente sperimentata in vitro sulla sola leucemia (690), era già menzionata da Castore Durante fin dal 1617; la curcumina è attiva anche su metastasi (1161).
Resveratrolo (1162), contenuto nella Polygonum cuspidatum, Vitis vinifera e anche nella Yucca schidigera (1118) che è caratterizzato da attività apoptotica (1121,1148), e da proprietà di anti-angiogenesi (695).
Il Partenolide lattone sesquiterpene, presente in molte piante, induce apoptosi in molti tumori, con deplezione of Glutatione, attivazione delle Caspasi 7,8,9, over-espressione di GADD153, un gene anticancro, e susseguente apoptosi (701).
Citrus species (Mandarino, Arancia, Pompelmo, Limone, Cedro, Bergamotto…) inducono apoptosi in vari tipi di cancro, mediante beta Criptoxantina ed Esperidina (1063). Si vogliono però proibire le utilizzazioni commerciali di questi estratti, proibendo per Legge dosi elevate di Esperidina e di altre sostanze come ad esempio la Sinefrina: si riporta il Decreto Ministeriale del 25 luglio 2002 in merito alle “Disposizioni specifiche per ingredienti erboristici”:“Citrus aurantium: l’apporto giornaliero di Sinefrina con le quantità d’uso indicate non deve essere superiore a 30 mg corrispondenti a circa 800 mg di Citrus aurantium con un titolo del 4% di tale sostanza”…..
Dal Vietnam, la moderna ricerca scientifica ha comprovato la tradizione popolare locale per la Caesalpinia sappan, il Coscinium fenestratum, l’Eurycoma longifolia, l’Hydnophytum formicarum, lo Streptocaulon juventas (provati sull’adenocarcinoma della cervice umana, sull’adenocarcinoma polmonare, e sul melanoma (710).
Esistono molte altre piante, tutte raccolte in particolari estratti ad uso terapeutico, non solo come piante a potenziale uso apoptotico o psudo-apoptotico, ma anche come piante immuno-stimolanti (cap.4), e/o ad azione anti-ossidativa (vedi: www.lecurenaturali.com ). Si riportano, a titolo d’esempio, in fondo alla presente, un breve lavoro scientifico in PDF sul Germanio organico: particolare vitamina contenuta soprattutto nell’Allium species, e i cui effetti sono riferiti su un caso guarito di cancro polmonare, caso riportato dalla rivista scientifica “Chest”(269). Il Germanio organico ha dimostrato anche in altri lavori scientifici la sua efficacia contro i tumori (107, 110, 119, 139, 174, 193, 237, 249, 269, 336, 357, 386, 399, 440, 441, 460, 476), analogamente al Selenio organico (79, 108, 112, 129, 133, 136, 143, 156. 228, 229, 276, 338, 339, 364, 367, 404, 405, 407, 443, 452, 458, 501, 510, 511, 1155), alla vitamina A (1, 3, 10, 13, 14, 17, 18, 23, 24, 28, 34, 35, 36, 45, 56, 59, 69, 73, 76, 94, 92, 93, 100, 106, 111, 120, 121, 129, 128, 131, 137, 138, 137, 138, 165, 187, 200, 202, 203, 208, 209, 212, 213, 214, 216, 218, 222, 235, 255, 256, 257, 263, 264, 265, 266, 280, 282 286, 287, 288, 298, 303, 304, 305, 307, 313, 315, 322, 324, 325, 326, 334, 338, 340, 341, 347, 348, 352, 354, 362, 363, 365, 382, 383, 385, 390, 398, 402, 404, 405, 409, 410, 420, 425, 426, 427, 445, 446, 447, 448, 454, 457, 461, 463, 468, 469, 470, 471, 473, 477, 478, 488, 493, 508, 512), alla vitamina C (25, 33, 47, 54, 83, 91, 122, 129, 181, 197, 202, 218, 244, 246, 270, 299, 311, 335, 339, 367, 404, 405, 414, 415, 416, 496, 489, 510, 511), alla vitamina D (28, 157, 160, 188, 208, 209, 231, 240, 246, 254, 302, 323, 479, 489), alla vitamina E (6, 19, 20, 30, 45, 91, 95, 112, 125, 129, 142, 165, 167, 190, 202, 228, 229, 246, 261, 280, 332, 404, 405, 452, 494). In merito a queste vitamine naturali vi è una ricca casistica di documentazione scientifica sulle varie e diversificate azioni di tali vitamine contro i tumori, che non riguardano soltanto l’apoptosi.
Sulla base delle recenti scoperte d’induzione apoptosica dei semi di Momordica charantia (Cocomero d'Africa) (639), particolare interesse è attualmente rivolto anche ai semi di altre piante come l’ Helianthus annuus (Girasole), ai semi di Citrus paradisi (Pompelmo), ai semi di Cucumis melo (Melone), ai semi di Cucumis sativus (Cetrioli), ai semi di Citrullus vulgaris (Cocomero, Anguria, Melone rosso), ai semi di Solanum lycopersicum (Pomodoro), ai semi di Solanum melongena ( Melanzana), ai semi di Rubus idaeus (Lampone) ai semi di Actinidia chinensis (Kiwi), ai semi di Citrus aurantium (Arancio), ai semi di Vitis vinifera. Ma è estremamente grave il fatto che le grandi aziende semeniere OGM stiano immettendo sul mercato agricolo mondiale gli stessi frutti privi però di semi e/o deprivati di vitamine naturali, in particolare: Cucumis melo, Citrus limonum, Citrullus vulgaris, Solanum lycopersicum, Vitis vinifera.
Noi riteniamo che la modificazione genetica delle piante (piante O.G.M.) sia un inaccettabile danno al patrimonio della salute umana.
Ad esempio, la Pueraria species induce apoptosi sul neuroblastoma umano SK-N-MC (1046) ma, il contenuto di Antocianine (che inducono apoptosi su tumori) della Pueraria-GMO (modificata geneticamente) è gravemente ridotto del 40% (1119). Altre gravi modificazioni sono state compiute a carico della Brassica rapa (968), e della Brassica oleracea botrytis (968),della Lotus corniculatus (1012), che era curativa contro i tumori, della Prunus domestica (1013) e del Citrus paradisi (1014). In particolare è estremamente grave il tentativo di modifica OGM (Organismi Geneticamente Modificati) a carico dell’Allium sativum e dell’Allium cepa, che rivestono particolare valore anti-neoplastico. Di recente, anche il Solanum lycopersicum (pomodoro) è oggetto di danni da introduzione di modifiche OGM: in particolare si è introdotto il gene del Solanum pennellii, determinando l’incremento glicemico dell’alimento, con rischio ulteriore per i pazienti neoplastici e/o diabetici.
Gravissimo è anche il deliberato tentativo da parte delle aziende produttrici di OGM di disattivare questo prezioso meccanismo naturale contenute nelle piante: tale fenomeno di blocco dell’apoptosi (azione di anti-apoptosi), già introdotto sperimentalmente nella pianta del tabacco tramite virus (748) è, secondo noi, un gravissimo atto di danno deliberato inflitto all’Ecosistema tramite gli O.G.M.: un danno che, se propagato a piante alimentari di uso comune, potrebbe rendere del tutto impossibile la cura dei tumori e di molte altre malattie.
La domanda che ci si è posti è stata pertanto la seguente: è possibile che vi sia da parte delle Multinazionali Chemio-Farmaceutiche, cioè quelle che producono i farmaci per la KEMIO, la volontà di distruggere il patrimonio naturale delle centinaia di vitamine anti-tumorali contenute nella frutta e nelle verdure allo scopo, entro i prossimi decenni, di “annullare la concorrenza delle terapie alternative” e di rendere quindi la KEMIO l’unica terapia possibile contro il cancro ?
Per quanto complessa possa sembrare la questione, si pongono all’attenzione del lettore i seguenti dati:
Il possibile connubio delle Multinazionali agro-alimentari (O.G.M.) con quelle chimico-farmaceutiche (KEMIO).
Multinazionali agro-alimentari (Biotech, OGM) Da alcuni anni si sta verificando la nascita di multinazionali che si definiscono "multinazionali di scienze della vita" attive sul mercato farmaceutico, dell’agro business (sementiero e pesticidi) e veterinario. Sono settori tra loro diversi, ma che sono legati insieme dall’utilizzo delle biotecnologie (OGM) per la realizzazione dei loro prodotti. Queste multinazionali stanno utilizzando delle strategie economiche molto spregiudicate ed aggressive: dai primi anni ’90 stanno operando per acquistare aziende anche di grande dimensioni. Una di queste, la Monsanto, ha acquisito nel termine di pochi anni Asgrov, Agracetus, De Calb, Cargil, con un investimento di 10 miliardi di Euro attuali. La Dupont, altro grande gruppo, ha acquistato la Pioneer con un investimento di circa 8 miliardi di Euro attuali. Questi investimenti sembrano avere una logica anti-economica: esse pagano le aziende che rilevano molto più del loro reale valore, come se cercassero di eliminare un potenziale concorrente piuttosto che ottenere un risultato economico a breve termine. Accanto alle acquisizioni abbiamo anche le fusioni: Ciba Geigy e Sandoz creano Novartis (fatturato di 20 miliardi di Euro attuali nel 1997-98). La stessa Novartis ha fuso recentemente il suo settore agro-alimentare con Astra Zenic. Dalla fusione della francese Rhone Poulenc e della tedesca Hoest nasce Aventis . È sempre in questo contesto che nasce, nell'ottobre 2000, il primo gruppo mondiale di agrochimica, Syngenta, - risultato della fusione della svizzera Novartis (Azienda ben nota come produttrice di farmaci per Chemioterapia [nota dell'autore del presente sito] con l'anglo-svedese Astra-Zeneca (anch'essa azienda ben nota come produttrice di farmaci per Chemioterapia [nota dell'autore del presente sito]) – che realizzerà un giro d'affari di circa otto miliardi di euro. Monsanto, dopo la fusione con Pharmacia & Upjohn, una grande ditta farmaceutica (anch'essa azienda ben nota come produttrice di farmaci per Chemioterapia [nota dell'autore del presente sito]), si occupa ormai solo di agricoltura, con un giro d'affari che nel 2000 ha raggiunto i 5,49 miliardi di dollari.
La situazione attuale è la seguente: pochissime multinazionali (Syngenta, Monsanto, Novartis, Dupont, Aventis) detengono il 25-30% del mercato sementiero (ma oltre il 90% del mercato delle sementi transgeniche) e dietro questi grandi gruppi si nota una tale polverizzazione da indurre a pensare che questo andamento non potrà che rafforzarsi in futuro non potendo delle aziende di medie dimensioni contrastare la concorrenza di grandi gruppi economici, e l’obiettivo sembra chiaro: riconvertire il settore sementiero tradizionale in biotecnologico (cioè OGM). Ma il dato impressionante è che ritroviamo gli stessi nomi nel settore dei pesticidi, dove le stesse aziende detengono il 55% del mercato, e soprattutto nel settore farmaceutico, dove le stesse multinazionali hanno una posizione dominante.
Multinazionali chimico-farmaceutiche (Big-Farma) La storia delle multinazionali chimico-farmaceutiche è incredibile per il loro sviluppo vertiginoso,oggi saldatosi in maniera estremamente pericolosa con il mondo agro-alimentare: L’industria chimico-farmaceutica nacque in Europa nella seconda metà dell’Ottocento: in molti casi si trattava dell’industria dei coloranti che, staccatasi dalla chimica di base si indirizzava verso quei nuovi e più promettenti settori della Chimica specializzata in settori chiave dell’economia. Negli anni precedenti la Seconda Guerra Mondiale, si formò un cartello internazionale dei farmaci, con sede in Germania, che dominava le industrie chimiche e farmaceutiche di tutto il mondo. Esso aveva diffuso le sue attività in 93 paesi, in ognuno dei quali rappresentava una potente forza economica e politica. Era conosciuta come IG. Ferben.. Essa sarebbe divenuta il pilastro di sostegno della produzione chimica di Hitler durante gli anni della guerra, fornendo prodotti che comprendevano potenti esplosivi, gas tossici e l’ignominioso Zyklon-B, la sostanza mortale usata dai nazisti nei campi di sterminio. Tuttavia, prima della guerra, nel 1928, l’industriale monopolista americano John D. Rockfeller aveva stabilito una concentrazione industriale tra il suo impero internazionale con sede in America e la IG Farben, dando così origine al più grande e più potente cartello farmaceutico che il mondo avesse mai conosciuto. Il Tribunale militare di Norimberga nel 1946/47 stabilì che la Seconda Guerra Mondiale non sarebbe stata possibile senza questo cartello petrolchimico chiamato I.G. Farben. In conseguenza della sentenza emessa dal tribunale, la I.G. Farben fu divisa in Bayer, BASF e Hoechst e alcuni dei suoi dirigenti furono condannati per aver iniziato una guerra contraria al diritto internazionale, genocidio, sfruttamento e saccheggio di proprietà pubblica e privata in paesi stranieri e altri crimini contro l'umanità.
La storia degli antefatti aziendali dietro
la seconda guerra mondiale è documentata da un libro di Joseph Borkin "The
Crime and Punishment of IG Farben" (Delitto e castigo della I.G.
Farben), Ma è negli anni Novanta che sono cominciate le grandi fusioni: nel Regno Unito, nel 1989 due grosse aziende frmaceutiche si fondono nella Smith Kline - Beecham: in seguito si fonderanno anche con la American Home (circa 25 miliardi di Euro di fatturato annuale). Nel 1993 la svedese Pharmacia compra l’italiana Farmitalia-Carlo Erba, poi si fonde con l’americana Upjon nel 1995, e poi ancora con la Monsanto, prima di venir comprata dalla Pfizer, che in precedenza aveva acquistato l’americana Parke Davis. Nel 1995 avviene la fusione Glaxo- Wellcome (circa 14 miliardi di Euro di fatturato annuale). Nel 1998 la Smith Kline - Beecham ( circa 62 miliardi di Euro di fatturato annuale) si fonde con Glaxo-Wellcome (circa 90 miliardi di fatturato annuale), per un capitale risultante di oltre 150 miliardi di Euro di fatturato annuale. Nel frattempo, l’inglese Imperial Chemical Industries si è fusa con la svedese Astra, dando origine alla Astra-Zeneca. Le fusioni sono continuate ad avvenire tra le stesse aziende farmaceutiche presenti sullo stesso tipo di mercato: Sandoz e Ciba Geigy (Novartis, 1996), Astra- Zeneca (1998). I bilanci risultano essere dell’ordine del Prodotto Interno Lordo (pil) di molti Stati occidentali. Questi colossi non nascono dall’esigenza dei pazienti, ma dall’esigenza di creare monopolio e quindi profitti sempre maggiori. Ultimi dati : giugno 2002 : acquisto della Aventis da parte della Bayer; l'accordo ha così permesso alla Bayer di fare il proprio ingresso nel campo delle sementi OGM. La fusione ha portato alla creazione della Bayer CropScience che si compone ora di tre gruppi commerciali principali: Crop Protection, Bio Science ed Environmental Science.
giugno 2005: acquisto della Sementis da parte della Monsanto.
Il Connubio
Si può pertanto affermare che i due cardini dell’economia e della vita di ciascun individuo, l’agricoltura e la farmaceutica, sono controllate in una situazione di sostanziale oligopolio da pochissimi gruppi multinazionali.
BIBLIOGRAFIA (tratto da www.lecurenaturali.com)
1) Aapro MS: Retinoids in oncology, Eur J Cancer.; 31A(5): 834-835, 1995. 3) Adamson PC: Clinical and pharmacokinetic studies of all-trans-retinoic acid in pediatric patients with cancer, Leukemia.; 8, pp: 1813-1816, 1994 . 6) Albanes D: Alpha-Tocopherol and beta-carotene supplements and lung cancer incidence in the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study: effects of base-line characteristics and study compliance, J Natl Cancer Inst.; 88, pp: 1560-1570, 1996. 10) Arnold A: Phase II trial of 13-cis-retinoic acid plus interferon alpha in non-small-cell lung cancer, J. Natl. Cancer Inst.; 86, pp: 306-309, 1994 13) Atiba JO: Correction malignant glioma, J Clin Oncol.; 15: pp.1286-1287, 1997 14) Ault A: Retinoids promising in Kaposi's sarcoma trials, Lancet; 351, pp. 1185. 1998 17) Band PR: Retinoids and breast cancer, Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 354A, pp: 361-377, 1990 18) Barthet M: Vitamins A and E in digestive cancers, C R Acad Sci III.; 309, pp: 101-104, 1989, French. 19) Barton DL: Prospective evaluation of vitamin E for hot flashes in breast cancer survivors, J Clin Oncol.; 16, pp: 495-500. 1998. 20) Barth TJ: Redifferentiation of oral dysplastic mucosa by the application of the antioxidants beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol and vitamin C, Int J Vitam Nutr Res.; 67, pp: 368-376, 1997. 23) Benner SE: Retinoid chemoprevention of second primary tumors, Semin Hematol.; 31(4 Suppl 5), pp: 26-30, 1994. 24) Benner SE: Current status of retinoid chemoprevention of lung cancer, Oncology (Huntingt); 9, pp. 205-210, 1995. 25) Bertram JS: Rationale and strategies for chemoprevention of cancer in humans. Cancer Res ; 47, pp:3012-31, 1987 28) Blazsek I: Combined differentiation therapy in myelodysplastic syndrome with retinoid acid, 1 alpha,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, and prednisone, Cancer Detect Prev.; 16, pp: 259-264, 1992. 30) Blot WJ: Vitamin/mineral supplementation and cancer risk: international chemoprevention trials, Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. Nov; 216, pp: 291-296. 1997. 33) Bowen PE: Evidence from cancer intervention and biomarker studies and the development of biochemical markers, Am J Clin Nutr; 62(6 Suppl), pp:1403S-1409S, 1995 34) Bower M: Phase II trial of 13-cis-retinoic acid for poor risk HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. Int J STD AIDS; 8, pp: 518-521, 1997 35) Brawley OW: Cancer chemoprevention trials, Oncology (Huntingt); 10, pp. 324-327, 1996. 36) Brodkin CA: Lobe of origin and histologic type of lung cancer associated with asbestos exposure in the Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET), Am J Ind Med.; 32, pp: 582-591, 1997 45) Buring JE: The alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene lung cancer prevention trial of vitamin E and beta-carotene: the beginning of the answers, Ann Epidemiol.; 4, pp: 75, 1994. 47) Bussey HJ: A randomized trial of ascorbic acid in polyposis coli, Cancer, 50, pp:1434-9, 1982. 54) Cameron E: Vitamin C and cancer: an overview, Int J Vitam Nutr Res Suppl 23:115-27, 1982; 56) Carter CA: Effects of retinoic acid on cell differentiation and reversion toward normal in human endometrial adenocarcinoma (RL95-2) cells, Anticancer Res., 16, pp: 17-24, 1996 59) Challem JJ: Risk factors for lung cancer and for intervention effects in CARET, the Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy trial, J Natl Cancer Inst., 19; 89: pp.325-326., 1997 69) Chen YH.: Modulation of interleukin-6/interleukin-6 receptor cytokine loop in the treatment of multiple myeloma, Leuk Lymphoma.; 27, pp.: 11-23, 1997. 73) Chuwers P: The protective effect of beta-carotene and retinol on ventilatory function in an asbestos-exposed cohort, Am J Respir Crit Care Med.; 155, pp: 1066-1071, 1997 76) Cobleigh MA: Breast cancer and fenretinide, an analogue of vitamin A, Leukemia; 8 Suppl 3: S59-S63, 1994. 79) Combs GF Jr: Reduction of cancer risk with an oral supplement of selenium, Biomed Environ Sci., 10(2-3): pp.227-234, 1997. 83) Creagan ET: Failure of high-dose vitamin C (ascorbic acid) therapy to benefit patients with advanced cancer. A controlled trial. N Engl J Med;301, pp:687-90, 1979 84) D’Arrigo C.:Nuove prospettive di chemioterapia anti-neoplastica cobn spostanze estratte da piante farmacologicamente sconosciute in campo oncologico, Minerva Med., Vol. 84, 1993, pp 275-289 91) DeCosse JJ: Effect of wheat fiber and vitamins C and E on rectal polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, J. Natl. Cancer Inst.; 81, pp: 1290-1297, 1989. 92) Degos L: Differentiation therapy in acute promyelocytic leukemia: European experience, J Cell Physiol.; 173, pp 285-287, 1997 93) De Palo G: Controlled clinical trials with fenretinide in breast cancer, basal cell carcinoma and oral leukoplakia, J Cell Biochem Suppl.; 22, pp: 11-17, 1995. 94) de Vos S: Effects of retinoid X receptor-selective ligands on proliferation of prostate cancer cells, Prostate; 32, pp: 115-121, 1997 95) Dimery IW: Phase I trial of alpha-tocopherol effects on 13-cis-retinoic acid toxicity, Ann Oncol.; 8, pp: 85-89, 1997. 100) Dolivet G: Current knowledge on the action of retinoids in carcinoma of the head and neck, Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord).; 117, pp. 19-26, 1996 . 106. Eisenhauer EA: Combination 13-cis-retinoic acid and interferon alpha-2a in the therapy of solid tumors, Leukemia; 8, pp: 1622-1625, 1994. 107) Eisenhauer E: A phase II study of spirogermanium as second line therapy in patients with poor prognosis lymphoma. An NCI Canada Clinical Trials Group Study, Invest New Drugs, 3:3, pp: 307-310, 1985. 108) el-Bayoumy K: Evaluation of chemopreventive agents against breast cancer and proposed strategies for future clinical intervention trials, Carcinogenesis; pp: 2395-2420, 1994. 110) Ettinger DS: Phase II study of N-methylformamide, spirogermanium, and 4-demethoxydaunorubicin in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (EST 3583): an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study, Med Pediatr Oncol, 17:3, pp: 197-201, 1989. 111) Evans AG: A trial of 13-cis-retinoic acid for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma and preneoplastic lesions of the head in cats, Am J Vet Res.; 46, pp: 2553-2557, 1985 112) Fair WR: Cancer of the prostate: a nutritional disease?, Urology.; 50, pp: 840-848. 1997. 119) Fukazawa H: Multidisciplinary treatment of head and neck cancer using BCG, OK-432, and Ge-32 as biologic response modifiers, Head Neck, 16:1, pp.: 30-8, 1994 120) Fukushima T.: Current situation and perspective for treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia in adults, Gan To Kagaku Ryoho.; 25, pp: 295-302, 1998, Japanese. 121) Fukutani H: Isoforms of PML-retinoic acid receptor alpha fused transcripts affect neither clinical features of acute promyelocytic leukemia nor prognosis after treatment with all-trans retinoic acid, Leukemia, 9: pp. 8-1482, 1995. 122) Gallmeier WM: Vitamin C and cancer, MMW Munch Med Wochenschr;124, pp: 31-2, 1982 125) Garewal HS: Emerging role of beta-carotene and antioxidant nutrients in prevention of oral cancer, Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.; 121, pp: 141-144. 1995. 128) Gescher A: Suppression of tumour development by substances derived from the diet mechanisms and clinical implications, Br J Clin Pharmacol.; 45, pp. 1-12. . 1998 130) Gey KF: Vitamins E plus C and interacting conutrients required for optimal health. A critical and constructive review of epidemiology and supplementation data regarding cardiovascular disease and cancer, Biofactors. 7, pp: 113-174, 1998. 131) Giannini F: All-trans, 13-cis and 9-cis retinoic acids induce a fully reversiblegrowth inhibition in HNSCC cell lines: implications for in vivo retinoic acid use, Int J Cancer, 17; 70: pp.194-200, 1997 133) Giovannucci E: Selenium and risk of prostate cancer (selenio e rischio di cancro alla prostata), Lancet. 5; 352(9130): pp.755-756, 1998. 136) Gonzalez PM: Clinical studies in head and neck cancer chemoprevention, Cancer Metastasis Rev., 15: pp. 113-118, 1996 . 137) Goodman GE: The clinical evaluation of cancer prevention agents, Proc Soc Exp Biol Med.; 216, pp: 253-259, 1997 138) Goodman GE: Pharmacokinetics of 13-cis-retinoic acid in patients with advanced cancer, Cancer Res.; 42, pp: 2087-2091, 1982 139) Goodman S: Therapeutic effects of organic germanium, Med Hypotheses, 1988 Jul, 26:3, 207-15 142) Greenberg ER: A clinical trial of antioxidant vitamins to prevent colorectal adenoma, Polyp Prevention Study Group, N Engl J Med.; 331(3): 141-147, 1994. 143) Greenwald P: Preventive clinical trials. An overview, Ann. N.Y. Acad Sci.; 768, pp: 129-140, 1995. 156) Han J: Highlights of the cancer chemoprevention studies in China, Prev Med.; 22, pp: 712-722, 1993. 157) Hansen CM.: EB 1089, a novel vitamin D analog with strong antiproliferative and differentiation-inducing effects on target cells, Biochem Pharmacol.; 54, pp: 1173-1179. Review. 1997. 160) Hassan HT: Recombinant human interleukin-3 opposes the effects of vitamins A and D on HL-60 human myeloid leukaemia cells, Anticancer Res.; 12, pp: 821-825, 1992 165) Heinonen OP: Prostate cancer and supplementation with alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene: incidence and mortality in a controlled trial, J. Natl. Cancer Inst.; 90, pp: 440-446, 1998 167) Hennekens CH: Antioxidant vitamins and cancer, Am. J. Med.; 97(3A): 2S-4S. 1994 173) Hibasami H: Induction of apoptosis in human stomach cancer cell by Green Tea catechins, Oncol Rep; 5, pp: 527-9 1998. 174) Hill BT: Identification of synergistic combinations of spirogermanium with 5-fluorouracil or cisplatin using a range of human tumour cell lines in vitro, Invest New Drugs, 2:1, pp: 29-33, 1984 181) Holloway C: A randomized trial of vitamins C and E in the prevention of recurrence of colorectal polyps, Cancer Res,48, :4701-5, 1988. 187) Hsu MC: Systemic treatment of neoplastic conditions with retinoids, J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 39, pp. S108-S113, 1998 188) Hu O.Y: Determination of anticancer drug vitamin D3 in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography, J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl.; 666, pp: 299-305, 1995. 190) Huttunen JK: Why did antioxidants not protect against lung cancer in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study? , I.A.R.C. Sci. Publ. 136, pp: 63-65, 1996; 193) Ishiwata Y: Effects of proxigermanium on interferon production and 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity in the lung of influenza virus-infected mice and in virus-infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures, Arzneimittelforschung, , 40:8, pp: 896-899, 1990 197) Jaffey M: Vitamin C and cancer: examination of the Vale of Leven trial results using broad inductive reasoning, Med Hypotheses , 8, pp:49-84, 1982. 200) Jozan S.: Cytotoxic effect of interferon-alpha2a in combination with all-trans retinoic acid or cisplatin in human ovarian carcinoma cell lines, Anticancer Drugs; 9, pp.229-238. 1998 202) Kaegi E: Unconventional therapies for cancer: 5. Vitamins A, C and E. The Task Force on Alternative Therapies of the Canadian Breast Cancer Research Initiative. CMAJ.; 158, pp: 1483-1488. Review, 1998 203) Kalemkerian GP: Growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis by fenretinide in small-cell lung cancer cell lines, J Natl Cancer Inst.; 87, pp: 1674-1680, 1995. 208) Kelloff GJ: Clinical development plan: vitamin D3 and analogs, J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl.; 20: 268-281, 1994. 209) Kelloff GJ.: New agents for cancer chemoprevention, J. Cell. Biochem Suppl.; 26: 1-28, 1996 212) Kessler JF: Isotretinoin and cutaneous helper T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides), Arch Dermatol.; 123, pp: 201-204, 1987. 213) Khuri FR: Molecular epidemiology and retinoid chemoprevention of head and neck cancer, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 5; 89: pp 199-211, 1997. 214) Khuri FR: Chemoprevention of respiratory tract cancer, Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. Jun; 11, pp: 387-408, 1997. 216) Kim JW: Effect of 13-cis-retinoic acid with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with squamous cervical carcinoma, Am. J. Clin. Oncol.; 19, pp.442-444, 1996. 218) Kimura K: What remaining questions regarding Helicobacter pylori and associated diseases should be addressed by future research? View from the Far East.Gastroenterology;113(6 Suppl), pp:S155-7, 1997 222) Kitamura K: All-trans retinoic acid therapy in acute promyelocytic leukemia current status and prospect, Rinsho Ketsueki.; 37, pp:760-765,1996, Japanese. 228) Knekt P: Vitamin E and cancer prevention, Am J Clin Nutr.; 53(1 Suppl): 283S-286S, 1991. 229) Knekt P: Role of vitamin E in the prophylaxis of cancer, Ann Med.; 23, pp: 3-12. 1991 231) Koike M.: 19-nor-hexafluoride analogue of vitamin D3: a novel class of potent inhibitors of proliferation of human breast cell lines, Cancer Res.; pp: 4545-4550, 1997 235) Kudelka AP: Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the endometrium treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid plus interferon-alpha, Anticancer Drugs; 4, pp: 335-337, 1993. 237) Kumano N: Effect of Carboxyethylgermanium Sesquiossid on the methylcholonthrene induced tumorigenesis in mice, Sci Rep Res Inst Tohoku Univ [Med], 25: 3-4, pp.: 89-95, 1978 240) Kyle RA: Effect of sodium fluoride, calcium carbonate, and vitamin D on the skeleton in multiple myeloma, Cancer.; 45, pp: 1669-1674, 1980 244) Lamm DL: Megadose vitamins in bladder cancer: a double-blind clinical trial, J. Urol;151, pp:21-6, 1994. 246) Launoy G: Diet and squamous-cell cancer of the oesophagus: a French multicentre case-control study, Int J Cancer;76, pp:7-12 , 1998. 247) Lee H.Z.: Effects and mechanisms of emodin on cell death in human lung squamous cell carcinoma, Br. J. Pharmacol., 134, pp.11-20, 2001.[ 07042050a.pdf] 249) Lee CH: Effects of Germanium oxide and other chemical compounds on phenylmercury acetate-induced genotoxicity in cultured human lymphocytes, Environ Mol Mutagen, 31:2, pp:157-162, 1998, 254) Lipkin M.: Calcium and the prevention of colon cancer, J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl.; 22, pp: 65-73. Review, 1995 255) Lippman SM: The effect of 13-cis-retinoic acid chemoprevention on human serum retinol levels, Cancer Detect Prev.; 22, pp. 51-56, 1998 256) Lippman SM: Retinoid-interferon therapy of solid tumors, Int J Cancer. 7; 70: pp.481-483. 1997. 257) Lippman SM: Treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the skin with isotretinoin, Ann Intern Med.; 107, pp.499-502, 1987 261) London RS: The effect of vitamin E on mammary dysplasia: a double-blind study. Obstet Gynecol.; 65, pp: 104-106, 1985 263) Lotan R: Retinoids as modulators of tumor cells invasion and metastasis, Semin.Cancer Biol.; 2, pp: 197-208, 1991. 264) Lovas JG.: Beta-carotene and lung cancer?, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod.; 82, pp. 236-237, 1996 265) Lovat PE: Concentration-dependent effects of 9-cis retinoic acid on neuroblastoma differentiation and proliferation in vitro, Neurosci Lett.; 182, pp: 29-32, 1994. 266) Lovat PE: Apoptosis of N-type neuroblastoma cells after differentiation with 9-cis-retinoic acid and subsequent washout, J Natl Cancer Inst., 19; 89, pp: pp.446-452, 1997 269) Mainwaring MG: Complete remission of pulmonary spindle cell carcinoma after treatment with oral germanium sesquioxide, Chest, 117, pp. 591-593, 2000; Chest, 117, pp. 307-308, 2000 270) Malone WF: Chemoprevention of bladder cancer, Cancer; 60 (3 Suppl), pp: 650-7, 1987. 276) McCarty MF: An antithrombotic role for nutritional antioxidants: implications for tumor metastasis and other pathologies, Med Hypotheses; 19: 345-357, 1986. 280) Mc Keown-Eyssen G: A randomized trial of vitamins C and E in the prevention of recurrence of colorectal polyps, Cancer Res.; 48, pp: 4701-4705, 1988 282) Meister B.: Antiproliferative activity and apoptosis induced by retinoic acid receptor-gamma selectively binding retinoids in neuroblastoma, Anticancer Res., 18, pp: 1777-1786. 1998 286) Meyskens FL: Role of topical tretinoin in melanoma and dysplastic nevi, J Am Acad Dermatol.; 15, pp: 822-825, 1986 287) Mezzetti M: Population attributable risk for breast cancer: diet, nutrition, and physical exercise, J Natl Cancer Inst.; 90, pp.389-394, 1998 288) Mielke V: Systemic treatment for cutaneous lymphomas, Recent Results Cancer Res.; 139, pp: 403-408, 1995. 298) Modiano MR: Phase II study of fenretinide (N-[4-hydroxyphenyl]retinamide) in advanced breast cancer and melanoma, Invest New Drugs.; 8, pp: 317-319, 1990 299) Moertel CG: High-dose vitamin C versus placebo in the treatment of patients with advanced cancer who have had no prior chemotherapy. A randomized double- blind comparison, N. Engl. J. Med.;312, pp:137-41, 1985. 302) Momparler RL: Interaction of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine with amsacrine or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on HL-60 myeloid leukemic cells and inhibitors of cytidine deaminase, Leukemia, 7, Suppl. 1: 17-20, 1993 303) Moon RC: Vitamin A, retinoids and breast cancer, Adv Exp Med Biol.; 364, pp: 101-107, 1994. 304) Moon TE : Retinoids in prevention of skin cancer, Cancer Lett., 19; 114, pp: pp. 203-205, 1997 305) Moore DM:Retinoic acid and interferon in human cancer: mechanistic and clinical studies, Semin Hematol.; 31(4 Suppl 5), pp: 31-37, 1994. 307) Moriwaki H: Prevention and treatment of solid tumors with retinoids, Gan To Kagaku Ryoho; 23, pp: 1625-1628, 1996, Japanese. 309) Mukhtar H: Green Tea Polyphenols induce apoptosis and alter the progresion of cell cycle in humana epidermoid carcinoma cells. A 431 (Meeting abstracts) Proc. Annu. Meet. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res.; 38: A 3892, 1997 311) Murata A: Prolongation of survival times of terminal cancer patients by administration of large doses of ascorbate, Int J Vitam Nutr Res Suppl;23:103-13, 1982. 313) Muto Y: Preventive use of retinoids for occurrence of liver neoplasm, Nippon Naika Gakkai Zasshi; 84, pp: 2032-2037, 1995. Japanese. 315) Nelson PS: Chemoprevention for prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, Eur Urol. 30, pp. 269-278, 1996. 322) Ohno R: Progress in the treatment of adult acute myeloid leukemia, Gan To Kagaku Ryoho; 24, pp: 1053-1058, 1997, Japanese. 323) Olson RE: Vitamins and carcinogenesis: an overview, J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. (Tokyo), pp: 313-316, 1992. 324) Omenn GS: Chemoprevention of lung cancer: the rise and demise of beta-carotene, Annu Rev Public Health.; 19: pp.73-99, 1998 325) Omenn GS: Interpretations of the Linxian vitamin supplement chemoprevention trials, Epidemiology; 9, pp: 1-4, 1998 326) Omenn GS: Chemoprevention of lung cancer: the beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) in high-risk smokers and asbestos-exposed workers, IARC Sci Publ.; 136: pp.67-85, 1996. 332) Palan PR: Plasma concentrations of micronutrients during a nine-month clinical trial of beta-carotene in women with precursor cervical cancer lesions, Nutr Cancer; 30, pp: 46-52, 1998 333) Palù G.: Aloe-Emodin is a new type of anticancer agent with selective activity against neuroectodermal tumors, Cancer Research, 60, pp.2800-2804, 2000. 334) Papadimitrakopoulou VA: Retinoids in head and neck chemoprevention, Proc Soc Exp Biol Med.; 216, pp. 283-290, 1997. 335) Park CH: Growth modulation of human leukemic, preleukemic, and myeloma progenitor cells by L-ascorbic acid, Am J Clin Nutr; 54 (6 Suppl), pp:1241S-1246S, 1991. 336) Parris M.: Germanium-32: homeostatic normalizer and immunostimulant a of its preventive and therapeutic efficacy, International Clinic Nutrition , Vol 7, No 1, January 1987. 338) Patterson BH: Naturally occurring selenium compounds in cancer chemoprevention trials: a workshop summary, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 6(1): pp. 63-69, 1997 339) Patterson RE: Vitamin supplements and cancer risk: the epidemiologic evidence, Cancer Causes Control.; 8, pp. 786-802, 1997. 340) Pedersen H: Combined modality therapy for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, Acta Oncol.; 26, pp.175-178, 1987 341) Pellegrini R: Modulation of markers associated with tumor aggressiveness in human breast cancer cell lines by N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide, Cell Growth Differ., 6: pp. 863-869, 1995. 347) Pienta KJ: Phase II chemoprevention trial of oral fenretinide in patients at risk for adenocarcinoma of the prostate, Am J Clin Oncol.; 20: pp.36-39, 1997 348) Pierce JP: Feasibility of a randomized trial of a high-vegetable diet to prevent breast cancer recurrence, Nutr. Cancer; 28, pp. 282-288, 1997 352) Ponzoni M: Differential effects of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide and retinoic acid on neuroblastoma cells: apoptosis versus differentiation, Cancer Res.; 55, pp: 853-861, 1995. 354) Potter JD: beta-Carotene and the role of intervention studies, Cancer Lett. 19; 114, pp: 329-331, 1997 357) Pronai L.: Protective effect of carboxyethyl-germanium sesquioxide (Ge 32) on superoxide generation by 60Co-irradiated leukocytes, Biotherapy; 3(3):273-9 1991 362) Rautalahti M: Antioxidants and carcinogenesis, Ann Med.; 26, pp.:435-441. 1994. 363) Ravi RK.: Induction of gastrin releasing peptide by all-trans retinoic acid in small cell lung cancer cells, Oncol Rep.; 5, pp. 497-501. 1998 364) Reddy BS: Micronutrients as chemopreventive agents, IARC Sci Publ.,139: pp.221-235, 1996. 365) Redlich CA: Vitamin A chemoprevention of lung cancer. A short-term biomarker study, Adv Exp Med Biol.; 375, pp: 17-29, 1995. 367) Riboli E: Identifiability of food components for cancer chemoprevention, IARC Sci Publ; pp:23-31, 1996. 382) Roth AD: 13-cis-retinoic acid plus interferon-alpha: a phase II clinical study in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and the head and neck, Oncology; 51, pp: 84-86, 1994 383) Ruidi C.: Chemoprevention of cancer of uterine cervix: a study on chemoprevention of retinamide II from cervical precancerous lesions. J Cell Biochem Suppl. 1997; 28-29: 140-143. 385) Sacchi S: All-trans retinoic acid in hematological malignancies, an update, GER (Gruppo Ematologico Retinoidi), Haematologica.; 82: pp.106-121, 1997. 386) Saito MT: Germanium research of surgical patients, International medical convention of surgeons, 1976 390) Sankaranarayanan R:Chemoprevention of oral leukoplakia with vitamin A and beta carotene: an assessment, Oral Oncol.; 33, pp: 231-236, 1997 398) Sheikh MS: N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR)-mediated biological actions involve retinoid receptor-independent pathways in human breast carcinoma, Carcinogenesis, 16, pp: 2477-2486, 1995. 399) Schein PS: Phase I clinical trial of spirogermanium, Cancer Treat Rep, 64:10-11, pp: 1051-1056, 1980 402) Scher RL.: Fenretinide-induced apoptosis of human head and neck squamous carcinoma cell lines, Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.; 118, pp: 464-471, 1998 404) Schwartz LH: Antioxidant minerals and vitamins. Role in cancer prevention. Vitamines et mineraux anti-oxydants. Role dans la prevention du cancer, Presse Med;23, pp:1826-30, 1994. 405) Schwartz JL: The dual roles of nutrients as antioxidants and prooxidants: their effects on tumor cell growth, J. Nutr.; 126 (4 Suppl) pp.1221S-1227S, 1996. 407) Seigel DG: Selenium, retinol, retinol-binding protein, and uric acid: from epidemiology to clinical prevention trials, Ann Epidemiol.; 2, pp: 343-344, 1992. 409) Serri F: Combination of retinoids and PUVA (Re-PUVA) in the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphomas, Curr Probl Dermatol., 19, pp: 252-257, 1990. 410) Shalinsky DR: A novel retinoic acid receptor-selective retinoid, ALRT1550, has potent antitumor activity against human oral squamous carcinoma xenografts in nude mice, Cancer Res.; 57, pp: 162-168, 1997 414) Schneider A: The role of vitamins in the etiology of cervical neoplasia: an epidemiological, Arch Gynecol Obstet; 246, pp:1-13, 1989 415) Schorah CJ: Ascorbic acid metabolism and cancer in the human stomach., Acta Gastroenterol Belg; 60, pp:217-9, 1997 416) Schorah CJ: Micronutrients, antioxidants and risk of cancer, Bibl Nutr Dieta, pp.: 92-107, 1995 420) Siegfried JM: Biology and chemoprevention of lung cancer, Chest.; 113(1 Suppl) pp: 40S-45S, 1998 425) Smith MA: Phase I and pharmacokinetic evaluation of all-trans-retinoic acid in pediatric patients with cancer, J Clin Oncol.; 10, pp: 1666-1673, 1992. 426) Smith MA: Retinoids in cancer therapy, J Clin Oncol.; 10, pp: 839-864, 1992. 427) Soloway MS: Systemic therapy for superficial bladder cancer, Urology, 23(4 Suppl) pp: 88-93. 1984. 440) Suzuki F.: Importance of T-cells and macrophages in the antitumor activity of carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide (Ge 32), Anticancer Res; 5, pp: 479-483, 1985 441) Suzuki F.: Cooperation of lymphokines and macrophages in expression of antitumor activity of carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide (Ge 32) Anticancer Res; 6, pp:177-182, 1986 443) Szarka CE: Chemoprevention of cancer, Curr Probl Cancer.; 18, pp: 6-79, 1994 . 445) Tallman MS: Differentiating therapy in acute myeloid leukemia, Leukemia; 10, pp.1262-1268. 1996. 446) Tallman MS: Differentiating therapy with all-trans retinoic acid in acute myeloid leukemia, Leukemia; 10 Suppl. 1: S12-S15, 1996. 447) Tallman MS: All-trans-retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia and its potential in other hematologic malignancies, Semin Hematol.; 31(4 Suppl 5), pp: 38-48, 1994. 448) Tallman MS: Acute promyelocytic leukemia: a paradigm for differentiation therapy with retinoic acid, Blood Rev.; 8: 70-78, 1994. 452) Taylor PR: Selenium, vitamin E, and prostate cancer ready for prime time? J Natl Cancer Inst.; 90, pp: 1184-1185, 1998 454) Thestrup-Pedersen K: Treatment of mycosis fungoides with recombinant interferon-alpha 2a2 alone and in combination with etretinate, Br J Dermatol.; 118, pp: 811-818, 1988. 457) Tobita T: Treatment with a new synthetic retinoid, Am80, of acute promyelocytic leukemia relapsed from complete remission induced by all-trans retinoic acid, Blood; 90, pp: 967-973. 1997 458) Toma S: Effectiveness of beta-carotene in cancer chemoprevention, Eur J Cancer Prev. ; 4, pp: 213-224, 1995. 460) Tropé C: Phase II study of spirogermanium in advanced ovarian malignancy, Cancer Treat Rep, , 65:1-2, 119-120, 1981 461) Trump DL: Retinoids in bladder, testis and prostate cancer: epidemiologic, pre-clinical and clinical observations, Leukemia. 1994; 8 Suppl 3, pp: S50-S54, 1994 463) Tsurusawa M: Treatment results in childhood acute myeloblastic leukemia-a report of clinical trials of a past decade from the Japanese children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group, Rinsho Ketsueki; 38, pp: 505-512. 1997 468) Vainio H.: An international evaluation of the cancer preventive potential of carotenoids. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.; 7, pp. 725-728. 1998 469) Valanis B: Mailing strategies and costs of recruiting heavy smokers in CARET, a large chemoprevention trial, Control Clin Trials. 1998 Feb; 19, pp. 25-38; 1998 470) van der Leede BM: Retinoids: use in combating cancer, Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd.; 141, pp. 1183-1188, 1997 471) Veronesi U: Chemoprevention of breast cancer with fenretinide, IARC Sci Publ.; 136, pp. 87-94, 1996. 473) Villablanca JG: Phase I trial of 13-cis-retinoic acid in children with neuroblastoma following bone marrow transplantation, J Clin Oncol., 13, pp. 894-901, 1995 476) Vogelzang NJ: A phase II study of spirogermanium in advanced human malignancy, Am J Clin Oncol, 8:4, pp: 341-344, 1985 477) Voravud N: Phase II trial of 13-cis-retinoic acid plus interferon-alpha in recurrent head and neck cancer, Invest New Drugs, Feb; 11, pp: 57-60, 1993. 478) Wadler S: All-trans retinoic acid and interferon-alpha-2a in patients with metastatic or recurrent carcinoma of the uterine cervix: clinical and pharmacokinetic studies, Cancer. 15; 79, pp: 1574-1580, 1997. 479) Wali RK.: 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxy-16-ene-23-yne-26,27-hexafluoro cholecalciferol, a non-calcemic analogue of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, inhibits azoxymethane-induced colonic tumorigenesis, Cancer Res.; 55, pp: 3050-3054, 1995. 487) Werner L., Pharmacokinetic-Metabolic Studies with 14C-Aloe Emodin after Oral Administration to Male and Female Rats, Pharmacology, 47, suppl. 1, pp. 110-119, 1993 488) Wheatley C.: Vitamin trials and cancer, Lancet, 21; 349: pp. 1844-1845, 1997. 489) White E: Relationship between vitamin and calcium supplement use and colon cancer, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev., pp: 769-774, 1997. 493) Windbichler GH: Increased radiosensitivity by a combination of 9-cis-retinoic acid and interferon-y in breast cancer cells, Gynecol Oncol.; 61, pp.387-394, 1996 494) Wolf R: Vitamin E: the radical protector, J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol.; 10, pp: 103-117, 1998 496) Yamanaka WK: Vitamin C and cancer. How convincing a connection ? Postgrad Med; 78, pp:47-9, 52-3, 1985. 501) Yu SY: Intervention trial with selenium for the prevention of lung cancer among tin miners in Yunnan, China. A pilot study, Biol Trace Elem Res.; 24(2): 105-108, 1990. 508) Zhang XK: Retinoid receptors in human lung cancer and breast cancer, Mutat Res.,19; 350, pp. 267-277, 1996. 510) Ziegler RG: Nutrition and lung cancer, Cancer Causes Control.; 7, pp: 157-177, 1996 511) Ziegler RG: Health claims about vitamin C and cancer, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. ;86, pp:871-2, 1994 512) Zou CP: Higher potency of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide than all-trans-retinoic acid in induction of apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines, Clin. Cancer Res.; 4, pp.: 1345-1355, 1998 639) Jifka C.: In vivo antitumor activity of the Bitter Melon (Momardica charantia), Cancer Research, 43, 5151-5155, 1983 640) Bhakuni D.S.: Screening of Indian plants for biological activity, II, Indian J. Exp. Biol., 7, 250, 1969. 690) Zheng S.: Initial study on naturally occurring products from traditional Chinese herbs and vegetables for chemoprevention, J.Cell. Biochem. Suppl. 1997, 27, pp.: 106-112 692) Tseng TH: Induction of apoptosis by hibiscus protocatechuic acid in human leukemia cells via reduction of retinoblastoma (RB) phosporylation and Bcl-2 expression, Biochem. Pharmacol. 2000, 1, 60 (3), pp. 307-315. [05070316460516097.pdf] 693) Ogata S.: apoptosis induced by the flavonoid from lemon fruit (Citrus limon BURM f. ) and its metabolites in HL-60 cells, Biosc. Biotechnol. Biochem. 2000, 64 (5), pp.: 1075-1078 694) Hong YS.: Effects of allyl sulfur compounds and garlic extract on the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and p53 in non small cell lung cancer cell lines, Exp. Mol. Med. 2000, 32 (3), pp. 127-134. 695) Kimura Y.: Resveratrol isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum root prevents tumor growth and metastasis to lung and tumor- induced neovascularization in Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice, J.Nutr. 2001, 131 (6), pp. 1844-1849, [1844.pdf] 696) Pinto J.T.: Antiproliferative effects of garlic-derived and other allium related compounds, Adv Exp. Med. Biol. 2001, 492, pp.: 83-106 697) Steenkamp V.: the effect of Senecio latifolius a plant used as a South African traditional medicine, on a human hepatoma cell line, J. Ethnopharmacol. 2001, 78 (1) pp. 51-58 698) Wang CC.: Camellin B induced apoptosis in HeLa cell line, Toxicology, 168 (3), pp.: 231-240. [05070316141908440.pdf] 699) Zhong Yao Xai: Inhibitory effect of gelsemium alkaloids extract on hepatic carcinoma HepG2 cells in vitro, 2001, 24 (8), pp.: 579-581 700) Huang J.. Experimental study on apoptosis induced by ursolic acid isolated from asparagus in HL-60 cells, Zhongguo Zhong, 1999, 19 (%) pp.: 296-298 701) Wen J.: Oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis. The anticancer effect of the sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide, J.Biol. Chem. 2002, 277 (41), pp.: 38954-64 [38954.pdf] 702) Ren W. : Tartary buckwheat flavonoid activates caspase 3 and induces HL-60 cell apoptosis, Methods Find Exp. Clin. Pharmacol. 2001 23 (8), pp.: 427-432 704) Wang CC.: Cytotoxic activity of sesquiterpenoids from Atractylodes ovata on leukemia cell lines, Planta Med, 2002, 68 (3), pp.: 204-208 705) Shan CM: Study of apoptosis in human liver cancers, World J. Gastroenterol. 2002, 8 (2), pp. 247-252 [247.pdf] 706) Qi Z.: Experimental study on induction of apoptosis of leukemia cells by Boswellia carterii Birdw extractive, Hunan Yi Ke Da Xye Xue Bao, 1999, 24 (1), pp.: 23-25 708) Zhang XL: Salvia miltiorrhiza monomer IH764-3 induces hepatic stellate cell apoptosis via caspase-3 activation, World J. Gastroenterol. 2002, 8 (3), pp. 515-519 [515.pdf] 710) Ueda JY.: Antiproliferative activity of Vietnamese medicinal plants, Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2002, 25 (6), pp. 753-760 711) Chen Q.: Apoptosis of human highly metastatic lung cancer cell line 95-D induced by acutiaporberine, a novel bisalkaloid derived from Thalictrum acutifolium, Planta Med 2002, 68 (6), pp.: 550-553. 712) Steiner M.: Carnosic acid inhibits proliferation and augments differentiation of human leukemic cells induced by 1,25dihydroxyvitamin D3 and retinoic acid, Nutr. Cancer 2001, 41 (1-2), pp. 135-144 713) Chen Y.C.: Wogonin and fisetin induction of apoptosis through activation of caspase 3 cascade and alternative expression of p21 protein in hepatocellular carcinoma cells SK-HEP-1, Arch Toxicol. 2002, 76 (5-6), pp. 351-349 714) Sandoval M.: anti-infiammatory and antioxidant activities of cat’s claw (Uncaria tomentosa and Uncaria guianensis) are independent of their alkaloid content, Phytomedicine 2002, 9 (4), pp.: 325-337 715) Kuo PL.: the antiproliferative activity of aloe-emodin is through p53-dependent and p21-dependent apoptotic pathway in human hepatoma cell lines, Life Sci, 2002, 71 (16), pp. 1879-1892. [05070218241301167.pdf] 716) Tan MQ.: the anti-leukemia effects of Sophora flavescens and its mechanism, Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2000, 25 (5) pp. 443-445 718) Ciesielska E. : anticancer, antiradical and antioxidative actions of novel Antoksyd Sand its major components, baicalin and baicalein, Anticancer Research 2002, 22 (5), pp. 2885-2891 719) Zhang J.: Capsaicin inhibits growth of adult T-cell leukemia cells, Leuk Res. 2003, 27 (3), pp. 275-283. [05070316423315250.pdf] 720) Sheng-Teng Huang: Phyllanthus urinaria triggers the apoptosis and Bcl-2 down-regulation in Lewis lung carcinoma cells, Life Sciences, 72, (2003), pp.. 1705-1716. [05070316515017031.pdf] 748) Dickman MB.: abrogation of disease development in plants expressing animal antipoptotic genes, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA, IN: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2001, Jun 5, 98(12): 6957-62 809) Bonnesen C.: Dietary indoles and isothiocyanates that are generated from cruciferous vegetables can both stimulate apoptosis and confe protection against DNA damage in human colon cell lines. Cancer Res. 2001, 61(16), pp.: 6120-6130 [6120.pdf] 968)Kuvshinov VV: Transgenic crop plants expressing synthetic cry9Aa gene are protected against insect damage, Plant Sci 2001, 160 (2), pp: 341-353 1012) Vincent R: Overexpression of a soybean gene encoding cytosolic glutamin synthetase in shoots of transgenic Lotus corniculatus L plant triggers changes in ammonium assimilation and plant development, Planta, 1997, 201 (4), pp.: 424-433 1013)Malinowski T.: Preliminary report on the apparent breaking of resistance of transgenic plum by chip bud inoculation of plum pox virus PP S, Acta Virol., 1998, 42(4), pp.: 241-243 1014)Febres VJ: Characterization of grapefruit plants (Citrus paradisi Macf.) transformed with citrus tristeza closterovirus genes, Plant Cell Rep. 2003, 21(5), pp.: 421-428 1027)Labbe C; Castillo M; Hernandez M. Diterpenoids from Baccharis lejia. Phytochemistry 1991; 30: 1607-1611 1036)Fulda S.: Betulinic Acid triggers CD95 (APO-1Fas)- and p53-independent apoptosis via activation of caspases in neuroectodermal tumors. Cancer Res. 1997;57:4956-4964. 1037)Fulda S.: Betulinic Acid: A new cytotoxic agent against malignant brain-tumor cells. Int J Cancer. 1999;82:435-441. 1038) Fulda S.: Molecular ordering of apoptosis induced by anticancer drugs in neuroblastoma cells. Cancer Res. 1998;58:4453-4460. 1039)Jeong HJ.: Preparation of amino acid conjugates of betulinic acid with activity against human melanoma. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 1999;9:1201-1204. 1040)Pisha E.: Discovery of betulinic acid as a selective inhibitor of human melanoma that functions by induction of apoptosis. Nat Med. 1995;1:1046-1051. 1041)Schmidt ML.: Betulinic acid induces apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cell lines. Eur J Cancer. 1997;33:2007-2010. 1042) Kitanaka C.: increased RAS expression and caspase- independent Neuroblastoma cell death: possible mechanism of spontaneous Neuroblastoma regression, Journal of the National Cancer Institute,Vol.94,No.5,pp.358-368,2002 [358.pdf] 1043) Tomonori H.: Induction of normal phenotypes in RAS transformed cells by damnacanthal from Morinda citrifolia, Cancer-Letters 73, 1993, pp.161-166. 1044) Gobe:GC.: Apoptosis in brain and gut tissue of mice fed a sedd preparation of the cycad Lepidozamia peroffskyana, Biochem.Biophys Res. Commun 1994, 205-pp.:327-333 1046) Jang MH: Protective effects of Puerariae flos against ethanol induced apoptosis on human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-MC, Jpn J.Pharmacol., 2001, 87(4), pp..338-342 1061) Yun-Ching Chang: Induction of apoptosis by penta-acetyl geniposide in rat C6 glioma cells, Chemico-Biological Interactions, 141, 2002, pp.: 243-257 [05070318235907195.pdf] 1062) Steiner M.: Carnosic acid inhibits proliferation and augments differentiation of human leukemic cells induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and retinoic acid, Nutr.Cancer 2001,41(1-2):135-144 1063) Tanaka T.: Suppression ofazoxymethane induced colon carcinogenesis in male F344 rats by mandarin juices rich in beta-Cryptoxanthin and Hesperidin, Int.J.Cancer- 88(1), pp.:146-150, 2000. 1064) Ren W. : Tartary buckwheatflavonoid activates caspase 3 and induces HL-60 cell apoptosis, Methods Find Exp. Clin. Pharmacol. 2001 23 (8), pp.: 427-432 1118) Oleszek W.: Resveratrol and other phenolics from the barb of Yucca schidigera, J. Agric. Food Chem, 49, 2001, pp.: 747-752 1119) Joung JY.: An overexpression of chalcone reductase of Pueraria Montana var. lobata alters biosynthesis of anthocyanin and 5’-deoxyflavonoids in transgenic tobacco, Biochem Biophys Res. Commun 2003, 303, pp.: 326-331 [05070316220110631.pdf] 1120) Varrelmann M.: Transgenic or plant expression vector-mediated recombination of Plum Pox virus, J. Virol. 2000, 74 (16), pp.: 7462-7469 1121) Kuo PL.: Resveratrol induced apoptosis in mediated by p53-dependent pathway in Hep G2 cells, Life Sci 2002, 72(1), pp.: 23-34 1122) Ren W.: Flavonoids: promising anticancer agents, Med Res. Rev. 2003, 23(4), pp.: 519-534 1123) Fujiki H.: Two stages of cancer prevention with green tea, J.Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 1999, 125(11), pp.: 589-597 1124) Hibasami H.: Induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis) in human lymphoid leukaemia cells by catechin compounds, Anticancer Res. 1996, 16(4A9, pp.: 1943-1946 1127) D.V.Raghuvar Gopal: Betulinic acid induces apoptosis in human chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) cell line K-562 without altering the levels of Bcr-Abl, Toxicology Letters 155, 2005, pp. 343-351. [05042618245127912.pdf] 1128) Eun Mi Ju: Antioxidant and anticancer activity of extract from Betula platyphylla var. japonica, Life Sciences, 74, 2004, pp.: 1013-1016. [05042618263428540.pdf] 1129) Diane F. Birt: Dietary agents in cancer prevention: flavonoids and isoflavonoids, Pharmacology and Therapeutics 90, 2001, pp.: 157-177. [05042618300528783.pdf] 1130) Jun Matsui: Dietary bioflavonoides induce apoptosis in human leukaemia cells, Lekemia research 29, 2005, 573-581. [05042618243227887.pdf] 1131) Wanzhou Zhao: Boswellic acid acetate induces differentiation and apoptosis in highly metastatic melanoma and fibrosarcoma cells, Cancer Detection and prevention 27, 2003, PP.: 67-75. [05042618312729375.pdf] 1132) L. Lopez: Cupressus lusitanica (Cupressaceae) leaf extract induces apoptosis in cancer cells, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 80, 2002, pp.: 115-120. [05042618260328504.pdf] 1133) G. Radhakrishna Pillai: Induction of apoptosis in human lung cancer cells by curcumin, Cancer Letters 208, 2004, pp.: 163-170. [05042618071724857] 1134) S. Moalic : A plant steroid, diosgenin, induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and COX activity in osteosarcoma cells, FEBS Letters 506, 2001, 225-230. [05042618105325638.pdf] 1135) Po-Lin Kuo: The mechanism of ellipticine –induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human breast MCF-7 cancer cells, Cancer Letters, 223, 2005, pp.: 293-301. . [05042618131525885.pdf] 1136) Macho A.: Calcium ionophoretic and apoptotic effects of ferutinin in the human Jurkat T-cell line, Biochemical Pharmacology, 68, 2004, 875-883. [05042618293528758.pdf] 1137) Ian T. Johnson: Glucosinolates in the human diet. Bioavailability and implications for health, Phytochemistry Reviews, 1, pp.: 183-188, 2002. [05042618134425958.pdf] 1138) Salmaan H.: Caspases-3 and -7 are activated in goniothalamin – induced apoptosis in human Jurkat T-cells, FEBS Letters 456, 1999, pp.: 379-383. [05042618064324820.pdf] 1139) S.H. Inayat-Hussain: Loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and caspase-9 activation during apoptosis induced by the novel styryl-lactone goniothalamin in HL -60 leukemia cells, Toxicology in Vitro 17, 2003, pp.: 433-439. [05042618001023371.pdf] 1141) Dana Tatman: Volatile isoprenoid constituents of fruit, vegetables and herbs cumulatively suppress the proliferation of murine B16 melanoma and human HL-60 leukemia cells, Cancer Letters 175, 2002, pp.: 129-139. [05042618074024878.pdf] 1142) F. Reno: Mimosine induces apoptosis in the HL-60 human tumor cell line, Apoptosis, Vol. 4, No.6, 1999, pp.: 469-477. [05042617584323254.pdf] 1143) Young – Sam Keum : Induction of apoptosis and caspase-3 activation by chemopreventive [6]-paradol and structurally related compounds in KB cells, Cancer Letters 177, 2002, pp.: 41-47[05042618240227855.pdf] 1144) M.L.Tan: Methanolic extract of Pereskia bleo (Kunth) DC. (Cactaceae) induces apoptosis in breast carcinoma, T47-D cell line, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 96, 2005, pp.: 287-294. [05042618043824191.pdf] 1145) Sachiko Nasu: Enhancement of radiotherapy by oleandrin is a caspase-3 dependent process, Cancer Letters 185, 2002, pp.: 145-151. [05042618173526874.pdf] 1146) Bela Csokay: Molecular mechanisms in the antiproliferative action of Quercetin, Life Sciences, Vol. 60, No. 24, pp.: 2157-2163, 1997. [05042618095925065.pdf] 1147) Kenneth Anye Chinkwo: Sutherlandia frutescens extracts can induce apoptosis in cultured carcinoma cells, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 98, 2005, pp.: 163-170. [05042617582123212.pdf] 1148) R. M. Niles: Resveratrol is a potent inducer of apoptosis in human melanoma cells, Cancer Letters, 190, 2003, pp.: 157-163. [05042618145526111.pdf] 1149) Dae Joong Kim: Chemoprevention of colon cancer by Korean food plant components, Mutation Research, 523-524, (2003), pp.: 99-107. [05070317244123467.pdf] 1150) Young-Joon Surh: Dietary and medicinal antimutagens and anticarcinogens: molecular mechanisms and chemopreventive potential-highlights of a symposium, Mutation Research, 523-524, (2003), pp.: 1-8. [05070316582618135.pdf] 1151) O. Aruoma: Methodological considerations for characterizing potential antioxidant actions of bioactive components in plants foods, Mutations Research, 523-524, (2003), 9-20. [05070317044819633.pdf] 1152) I.T. Johnson : new approaches to the role of diet in the prevention of cancers of the alimentary tract, Mutation Research, 551, 2004, pp.: 9-28 1153) R.C.Cambie: Potential functional foods in the traditional Maori diet, Mutation Research, 523-524, (2003), 109-117. [05070317215322671.pdf] 1154) Nyska A. : Topical and oral administration of the natural water-soluble antioxidant from spinach reduces the multiplicity of papillomas in the Tg.AC mouse model, Toxicology Letters 122 (2001), pp.: 33-44. [05070318010803945.pdf] 1155) H. Tapiero: The antioxidant role of Selenium and seleno-compounds, Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 57, (2003), pp.: 134-144. [pdf] 1156) Eunyong Lee: Effects of Alpinia oxyphylla (zingiberaceae) in human promielocytic leukaemia (HL-60) cells and tumor promoter-induced inflammation in mice, PXVII, B.20. [05042618191626978.pdf] 1157) Ming-Jie Liu: Mitocondrial dysfunction as an early event in the process of apoptosis induced by woodfordin I in human leukaemia K562 cells, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 194 (2004), pp.: 141-155. [05042618081224911.pdf] 1158) C.A.Blum: Promotion versus suppression of rat colon carcinogenesis by chlorophyllin and chlorophyll: modulation of apoptosis, cell proliferation, and Beta-catenin/Tcf signalling, Mutation Research, 523-524, (2003), pp.: 217-223. [05070317022818975.pdf] 1159) M. Roy: Anticlastogenic, antigenotoxic and apoptotic activity of epigallocatechin gallate: a green tea polyphenol, Mutation Research, 523-524 (2003) , pp.: 33-41. [05070317133920883.pdf] 1160) J. D. Lambert: Cancer chemopreventive activity and bioavailability of tea and tea polyphenols, Mutation Research, 523-524, (2003), pp.: 201-208. [05070317394928088.pdf] 1161) N. Frank: No prevention of liver and kidney tumors in Long-Evans Cinnamon rats by dietary curcumin, but inhibition at other sites and of metastases, Mutation Research, 523-524, (2003), pp.: 127-135. [05070317291924041.pdf] 1162) Zigang Dong: Molecular mechanism of the chemopreventive effect of resveratrol, Mutation Research, 523-524 (2003), pp.: 145-150. [05070317325725548.pdf] 1163) Sanchez-Lamar A.: Phyllanthus orbicularis aqueous extract: cytotoxic, genotoxic, and antimutagenic effects in the CHO cell line, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 161, (1999), pp.: 231-239. [05042618251728448.pdf] 1164) Azam S.: Prooxidant property of green tea polyphenols epicatechin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate : implications for anticancer properties, Toxicology in Vitro, 18, (2004), pp.: 555-561. [05042618050524204.pdf] 1165) Ya-Ling Hsu: Acacetin inhibits the proliferation of Hep G2 by blocking cell cycleprogression and inducing apoptosis, Biochemical Pharmacology, 67, (2004), pp.: 823-829. [05042618204727614.pdf] 1166) Zhao-Ning Ji: 23-Hydroxybetulinic acid-mediated apoptosis is accompanied by decreases in bcl-2 expression and telomerase activity in HL-60 Cells, Life Sciences 72 (2002), pp.: 1-9. [05070315580403622.pdf] 1167) J.Fernandes: Pentacyclic triterpenes from Chrysobalanaceae species: cytotoxicity on multidrug resistant and sensitive leukaemia cell lines, Cancer Letters, 190, (2003), pp. 165-169. [pdf] 1168) Lan Yuan: Inhibition of human breast cancer growth by GCPTM (genistein combined polysaccharide) in xenogeneic athymic mice: involvement of genistein biotransformation by Beta-glucoronidase from tumor tissues, Mutation Research, 523-524, (2003, pp.: 55-62. [05070317110220663.pdf] 1169) C.C.Chou: Pharmacological evaluation of several major ingredients of Chinese herbal medicines in human hepatoma Hep3B cells, European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 19 (2003), pp.: 403-412. [05042617550822430.pdf] 1170) Taik-Koo Yun: Experimental and epidemiological evidence on non-organ specific cancer preventive effect of Korean ginseng and identification of active compounds, Mutation Research, 523-524, (2003), pp.: 63-74. [05070317133920883.pdf] 1171) Young-Sam Keum: Inhibitory effects of the ginsenoside Rg3 on phorbol ester-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression, NF-kB activation and tumor promotion, Mutation Research, 523-524, (2003), pp.: 75-85. [05070317155621599.pdf] 1172) C.A.Hornick: Inhibition of angiogenic initiation and disruption of newly established human vascular networks by juice from Morinda citrifolia (noni), Angiogenesis, 6, 2003, pp.: 143-149. [[05042618215027685.pdf] 1173) Shunji Chi: Oncogenic Ras triggers cell suicide through the activation of a caspase-independent cell death program in human cancer cells, Oncogene, 1999, Vol. 18, No. 13, pp. 2281-2290
ARTICOLI SCIENTIFICI in PDF
Nota 1: in crescendo numerico del rispettivo codice pdf
Nota 2: Su precisa richiesta scritta (Dott. Giuseppe Nacci, ambulatorio FISIOSAN via Genova 21, 34121 TRIESTE), è disponibile un CD-ROM contenente tutti i seguenti articoli scientifici in PDF
Kuo PL.: Resveratrol induced apoptosis in mediated by p53-dependent pathway in Hep G2 cells, Life Sci 2002, 72(1), pp.: 23-34 [05070315580403622.pdf]
[247.pdf] Shan CM: Study of apoptosis in human liver cancers, World J. Gastroenterol. 2002, 8 (2), pp. 247-252 [247.pdf]
358.pdf] Kitanaka C.: increased RAS expression and caspase- independent Neuroblastoma cell death: possible mechanism of spontaneous Neuroblastoma regression, Journal of the National Cancer Institute,Vol.94,No.5,pp.358-368,2002 [358.pdf]
[515.pdf] Zhang XL: Salvia miltiorrhiza monomer IH764-3 induces hepatic stellate cell apoptosis via caspase-3 activation, World J. Gastroenterol. 2002, 8 (3), pp. 515-519 [515.pdf]
[1844.pdf] Kimura Y.: Resveratrol isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum root prevents tumor growth and metastasis to lung and tumor- induced neovascularization in Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice, J.Nutr. 2001, 131 (6), pp. 1844-1849. [1844.pdf]
[6120.pdf] Bonnesen C.: Dietary indoles and isothiocyanates that are generated from cruciferous vegetables can both stimulate apoptosis and confe protection against DNA damage in human colon cell lines. Cancer Res. 2001, 61(16), pp.: 6120-6130 [6120.pdf]
[38954.pdf] Wen J.: Oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis. The anticancer effect of the sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide, J.Biol. Chem. 2002, 277 (41), pp.: 38954-64 [38954.pdf]
[05042617550822430.pdf] C.C.Chou: Pharmacological evaluation of several major ingredients of Chinese herbal medicines in human hepatoma Hep3B cells, European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 19 (2003), pp.: 403-412. [05042617550822430.pdf]
[05042617575423187.pdf] Salmaan H.: Altholactone, avovel styryl-lactone induces apoptosis via oxidative stress in human HL-60 leukemia cells, Toxicology Letters 131, 2002, pp.153-159. [05042617575423187.pdf]
[05042617575423187.pdf] Kenneth Anye Chinkwo: Sutherlandia frutescens extracts can induce apoptosis in cultured carcinoma cells, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 98, 2005, pp.: 163-170. [05042617582123212.pdf]
[05042617584323254.pdf] F. Reno: Mimosine induces apoptosis in the HL-60 human tumor cell line, Apoptosis, Vol. 4, No.6, 1999, pp.: 469-477. [05042617584323254.pdf]
[05042618001023371.pdf] S.H. Inayat-Hussain: Loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and caspase-9 activation during apoptosis induced by the novel styryl-lactone goniothalamin in HL -60 leukemia cells, Toxicology in Vitro 17, 2003, pp.: 433-439. [05042618001023371.pdf]
|